;Written by Iain McCurdy, 2006 ;YOU MAY NEED TO CHANGE THE DEVICE NUMBER AFTER THE MIDI INPUT FLAG (-M) ;-odevaudio -M0 -b400 -odevaudio -Ma -+rtmidi=virtual -b400 sr = 44100 ksmps = 10 nchnls = 2 ;FLTK INTERFACE CODE;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; FLcolor 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0 ;SET INTERFACE COLOURS ; LABEL | WIDTH | HEIGHT | X | Y FLpanel "Carrier -> Modulator, with envelopes", 500, 550, 0, 0 ;BORDERS ITYPE, IFONT, ISIZE, IWIDTH, IHEIGHT, IX, IY ih FLbox " ", 6, 9, 15, 300, 70, 100, 160 ;RATIOS ; FLBUTBANK TYPE | NUMX | NUMY | WIDTH | HEIGHT | X | Y | IOPCODE | P1 | P2 | P3 gkFLTK_MIDI, ihFLTK_MIDI FLbutBank 4, 1, 2, 20, 40, 5, 5, 0, 2, 0, -1 ;TEXT BOXES TYPE | FONT | SIZE | WIDTH | HEIGHT | X | Y ih FLbox "MIDI", 1, 6, 17, 50, 20, 23, 4 ih FLbox "FLTK", 1, 6, 17, 50, 20, 23, 24 ;GENERAL_TEXT_SETTINGS SIZE | FONT | ALIGN | RED | GREEN | BLUE FLlabel 13, 1, 3, 0, 0, 0 ;VALUE DISPLAY BOXES WIDTH | HEIGHT | X | Y idbasefreq FLvalue " ", 60, 18, 5, 75 idindex FLvalue " ", 60, 18, 5, 125 idindex2 FLvalue " ", 60, 18, 252, 125 idCarAmp FLvalue " ", 60, 18, 5, 275 idndxatt FLvalue " ", 50, 18, 0, 360 idndxdec FLvalue " ", 50, 18, 50, 360 idndxslev FLvalue " ", 50, 18, 100, 360 idndxrel FLvalue " ", 50, 18, 150, 360 idndxdel FLvalue " ", 50, 18, 200, 360 idndxatt2 FLvalue " ", 50, 18, 0, 440 idndxdec2 FLvalue " ", 50, 18, 50, 440 idndxslev2 FLvalue " ", 50, 18, 100, 440 idndxrel2 FLvalue " ", 50, 18, 150, 440 idndxdel2 FLvalue " ", 50, 18, 200, 440 idampatt FLvalue " ", 50, 18, 0, 520 idampdec FLvalue " ", 50, 18, 50, 520 idampslev FLvalue " ", 50, 18, 100, 520 idamprel FLvalue " ", 50, 18, 150, 520 idampdel FLvalue " ", 50, 18, 200, 520 ;SLIDERS MIN | MAX | EXP | TYPE | DISP | WIDTH | HEIGHT | X | Y gkbasefreq,gihbasefreq FLslider "Base Frequency", 20, 20000, -1, 23, idbasefreq, 490, 25, 5, 50 gkindex,gihindex FLslider "Modulation Index 1", 0, 20, 0, 23, idindex, 238, 25, 5, 100 gkindex2,gihindex2 FLslider "Modulation Index 2", 0, 20, 0, 23, idindex2, 238, 25, 255, 100 gkCarAmp, ihCarAmp FLslider "Carrier Amplitude", 0, 30000, 0, 23, idCarAmp, 490, 25, 5, 250 ;KNOBS MIN | MAX | EXP | TYPE | DISP | WIDTH | X | Y gkndxatt, gihndxatt FLknob "Attack", .001, 8, 0, 1, idndxatt, 40, 5, 302 gkndxdec, gihndxdec FLknob "Decay", 0, 15, 0, 1, idndxdec, 40, 55, 302 gkndxslev,gihndxslev FLknob "Sustain", 0, 1, 0, 1, idndxslev, 40, 105, 302 gkndxrel, gihndxrel FLknob "Release", 0, 15, 0, 1, idndxrel, 40, 155, 302 gkndxdel, gihndxdel FLknob "Delay", 0, 8, 0, 1, idndxdel, 40, 205, 302 gkndxatt2, gihndxatt2 FLknob "Attack", .001, 8, 0, 1, idndxatt2, 40, 5, 382 gkndxdec2, gihndxdec2 FLknob "Decay", 0, 15, 0, 1, idndxdec2, 40, 55, 382 gkndxslev2,gihndxslev2 FLknob "Sustain", 0, 1, 0, 1, idndxslev2, 40, 105, 382 gkndxrel2, gihndxrel2 FLknob "Release", 0, 15, 0, 1, idndxrel2, 40, 155, 382 gkndxdel2, gihndxdel2 FLknob "Delay", 0, 8, 0, 1, idndxdel2, 40, 205, 382 gkampatt, gihampatt FLknob "Attack", .001, 8, 0, 1, idampatt, 40, 5, 462 gkampdec, gihampdec FLknob "Decay", 0, 15, 0, 1, idampdec, 40, 55, 462 gkampslev,gihampslev FLknob "Sustain", 0, 1, 0, 1, idampslev, 40, 105, 462 gkamprel, gihamprel FLknob "Release", 0, 15, 0, 1, idamprel, 40, 155, 462 gkampdel, gihampdel FLknob "Delay", 0, 8, 0, 1, idampdel, 40, 205, 462 ;VALUE BOXES MIN | MAX | STEP | TYPE | WIDTH | HEIGHT | X | Y gkCarRatio, gihCarRatio FLtext " ", .125, 8, .0001, 1, 50, 20, 130, 170 gkModRatio, gihModRatio FLtext " ", .125, 8, .0001, 1, 50, 20, 225, 170 gkModRatio2, gihModRatio2 FLtext " ", .125, 8, .0001, 1, 50, 20, 320, 170 ;TEXT BOXES TYPE | FONT | SIZE | WIDTH | HEIGHT | X | Y ih FLbox ":", 1, 5, 14, 5, 15, 200, 172 ih FLbox ":", 1, 5, 14, 5, 15, 295, 172 ih FLbox "Carrier Frequency", 1, 5, 12, 80, 15, 115, 200 ih FLbox "Modulator 1 Frequency", 1, 5, 12, 80, 15, 210, 200 ih FLbox "Modulator 2 Frequency", 1, 5, 12, 80, 15, 305, 200 ih FLbox "INDEX 1 ENVELOPE ", 1, 1, 14, 170, 30, 250, 310 ih FLbox "INDEX 2 ENVELOPE ", 1, 1, 14, 170, 30, 250, 390 ih FLbox "AMPLITUDE ENVELOPE", 1, 1, 14, 170, 30, 250, 470 ;SET INITIAL VALUES VALUE | HANDLE FLsetVal_i 325, gihbasefreq FLsetVal_i 5, gihindex FLsetVal_i .702, gihindex2 FLsetVal_i 1, gihCarRatio FLsetVal_i 1.377, gihModRatio FLsetVal_i 1.3853, gihModRatio2 FLsetVal_i 20000, ihCarAmp FLsetVal_i .002, gihndxatt FLsetVal_i 3, gihndxdec FLsetVal_i 0, gihndxslev FLsetVal_i .5, gihndxrel FLsetVal_i 0, gihndxdel FLsetVal_i .002, gihndxatt2 FLsetVal_i 3, gihndxdec2 FLsetVal_i 0, gihndxslev2 FLsetVal_i .5, gihndxrel2 FLsetVal_i 0, gihndxdel2 FLsetVal_i .002, gihampatt FLsetVal_i 7, gihampdec FLsetVal_i 0, gihampslev FLsetVal_i .5, gihamprel FLsetVal_i 0, gihampdel FLpanel_end ;INSTRUCTIONS AND INFO PANEL FLpanel " ", 515, 700, 512, 0 FLscroll 515, 700, 0, 0 ;TEXT BOXES TYPE | FONT | SIZE | WIDTH | HEIGHT | X | Y ih FLbox " FM Synthesis: 2 Modulators->Carrier with envelopes ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 0 ih FLbox "-------------------------------------------------------------", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 20 ih FLbox "As we introduce more oscillators into the FM algorithm ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 40 ih FLbox "(either as modulators or carriers) more complex modulations ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 60 ih FLbox "are possible. Spectral possibilties also increase although ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 80 ih FLbox "control of discord in the timbre becomes more of an issue. ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 100 ih FLbox "A simple algorithm using three oscillators is that of a ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 120 ih FLbox "carrier's frequency being modulated by the audio output of ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 140 ih FLbox "two modulators simulataneously. (See diagram below.) ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 160 ih FLbox "If the ratios of the two modulators are offset slightly a ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 180 ih FLbox "dramatic spectral modulation is heard simular to the effect ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 200 ih FLbox "of lowpass filter with its cutoff modulated by an LFO. ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 220 ih FLbox "Another approach is to give the envelope of one of modulators", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 240 ih FLbox "a very short percussive nature in order that it reflects ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 260 ih FLbox "the immediate attack of a sound such as the sound of a mallet", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 280 ih FLbox "striking a resonating object the 2nd modulator can be used to", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 300 ih FLbox "create the spectrum of the sustain portion or the main body ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 320 ih FLbox "of the sound. ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 340 ih FLbox "This example is also playable from a MIDI keyboard if 'MIDI' ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 360 ih FLbox "is chosen. ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 380 ih FLbox " ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 400 ih FLbox " 2 MODULATORS AND A CARRIER FM SYNTHESIS ALGORITHM ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 420 ih FLbox " ---------------------------------------------------------- ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 440 ih FLbox " ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 460 ih FLbox " +-------------+ +-------------+ ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 480 ih FLbox " | oscil | | oscil | ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 500 ih FLbox " |(modulator 1)| |(modulator 2)| ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 520 ih FLbox " +-----+-------+ +-----+-------+ ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 540 ih FLbox " | | ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 560 ih FLbox " | | ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 580 ih FLbox " +---------+-------+ ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 600 ih FLbox " | ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 620 ih FLbox " | ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 640 ih FLbox " +-----+-----+ ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 660 ih FLbox " | oscil | ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 680 ih FLbox " | (carrier) | ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 700 ih FLbox " +-----+-----+ ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 720 ih FLbox " | ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 740 ih FLbox " | ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 760 ih FLbox " OUT ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 780 FLscrollEnd FLpanel_end FLrun ;RUN THE FLTK WIDGET THREAD ;END OF FLTK INTERFACE CODE;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; instr 1 ;MIDI INPUT INSTRUMENT if gkFLTK_MIDI=1 then ;IF FLTK/MIDI SWITCH IS SET TO 'FLTK'... turnoff ;TURN THIS INSTRUMENT OFF endif ;END OF CONDITIONAL BRANCHING icps cpsmidi ;READ CYCLES PER SECOND VALUE FROM MIDI INPUT iamp ampmidi 1 ;READ IN A NOTE VELOCITY VALUE FROM THE MIDI INPUT ; P1 | P4 | P5 aoutL, aoutR subinstr 2, icps, iamp ;ACTIVATE A SUB-INSTRUMENT outs aoutL, aoutR ;SEND AUDIO TO SPEAKERS endin instr 2 ;FM INSTRUMENT kactive1 active 1 ;SENSE NUMBER OF ACTIVE INSTANCES OF INSTRUMENT 1 (I.E. MIDI ACTIVATED INSTRUMENT) if gkFLTK_MIDI=0&&kactive1=0 then ;IF FLTK/MIDI SWITCH IS SET TO 'MIDI' AND NO MIDI NOTES ARE ACTIVE... turnoff ;TURN THIS INSTRUMENT endif ;END OF CONDITIONAL BRANCHING if gkFLTK_MIDI = 1 then ;IF FLTK/MIDI SWITCH IS SET TO 'FLTK'... kbasefreq = gkbasefreq ;SET kbasefreq (BASE FREQUENCY) TO SLIDER VARIABLE gkbasefreq kCarAmp = gkCarAmp ;SET kCarAmp (CARRIER AMPLITUDE) TO SLIDER VARIABLE gkCarAmp else ;OTHERWISE... kbasefreq = p4 ;SET FUNDEMENTAL TO RECEIVED p4 RECEIVED FROM INSTR 1. I.E. MIDI PITCH kCarAmp = p5 * gkCarAmp ;SET AMPLITUDE TO RECEIVED p5 RECEIVED FROM INSTR 1 (I.E. MIDI VELOCITY) MULTIPLIED BY FLTK SLIDER gkamp. endif ;END OF CONDITIONAL BRANCHING kndxenv madsr i(gkndxatt), i(gkndxdec), i(gkndxslev) + .0000001, i(gkndxrel) , i(gkndxdel) ;LINE SEGMENT ENVELOPE WITH MIDI RELEASE MECHANISM kndxenv2 madsr i(gkndxatt2), i(gkndxdec2), i(gkndxslev2) + .0000001, i(gkndxrel2) , i(gkndxdel2) ;LINE SEGMENT ENVELOPE WITH MIDI RELEASE MECHANISM kpeakdeviation = kbasefreq * gkindex * kndxenv ;DERIVE PEAK DEVIATION FOR MODULATOR 1 kpeakdeviation2 = kbasefreq * gkindex2 * kndxenv2 ;DERIVE PEAK DEVIATION FOR MODULATOR 1 aModulator oscili kpeakdeviation, kbasefreq * gkModRatio,1 ;CREATE MODULATOR 1 aModulator2 oscili kpeakdeviation2, kbasefreq * gkModRatio2,1 ;CREATE MODULATOR 2 aampenv mxadsr i(gkampatt), i(gkampdec), i(gkampslev) + .0000001, i(gkamprel) , i(gkampdel) ;EXPONENTIAL SEGMENT ENVELOPE WITH MIDI RELEASE MECHANISM aCarrier oscili kCarAmp * aampenv, (kbasefreq * gkCarRatio) + aModulator + aModulator2, 1 ;CREATE CARRIER (ADD MODULATOR OUTPUTS TO FREQUENCY INPUT) outs aCarrier, aCarrier ;SEND AUDIO TO OUTPUTS endin f 1 0 129 10 1 ;A SINE WAVE f 0 3600 ;DUMMY SCORE EVENT