;Written by Iain McCurdy, 2009 -odevaudio -b400 -M0 -+rtmidi=virtual sr = 44100 ;SAMPLE RATE kr = 441 ;CONTROL RATE ksmps = 100 ;NUMBER OF AUDIO SAMPLES IN EACH CONTROL CYCLE nchnls = 2 ;NUMBER OF CHANNELS (2=STEREO) 0dbfs = 1 ;MAXIMUM AMPLITUDE REGARDLESS OF BIT DEPTH ;FLTK INTERFACE CODE;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; FLcolor 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0 ;SET INTERFACE COLOURS ; LABEL | WIDTH | HEIGHT | X | Y FLpanel "fof", 500, 680, 0, 0 ;SWITCHES ON | OFF | TYPE | WIDTH | HEIGHT | X | Y | OPCODE | INS | STARTTIM | IDUR gkOnOff,ihOnOff FLbutton "On/Off", 1, 0, 22, 150, 25, 5, 5, 0, 1, 0, -1 FLsetColor2 255, 255, 50, ihOnOff ;SET SECONDARY COLOUR TO YELLOW ;NUMBER DISPLAY BOXES WIDTH | HEIGHT | X | Y idamp FLvalue " ", 80, 20, 5, 75 idoct FLvalue " ", 80, 20, 5, 455 idband FLvalue " ", 80, 20, 5, 505 iddur FLvalue " ", 80, 20, 5, 555 idris FLvalue " ", 80, 20, 5, 605 iddec FLvalue " ", 80, 20, 5, 655 ;SLIDERS MIN | MAX | EXP | TYPE | DISP | WIDTH | HEIGHT | X | Y gkamp, ihamp FLslider "Amplitude", 0, 1, 0, 23, idamp, 490, 25, 5, 50 gkoct, ihoct FLslider "Octaviation Factor", 0, 8, 0, 23, idoct, 490, 25, 5, 430 gkband, ihband FLslider "Bandwidth", 0, 100, 0, 23, idband, 490, 25, 5, 480 gkdur, ihdur FLslider "Duration", .017, 1, 0, 23, iddur, 490, 25, 5, 530 gkris, ihris FLslider "Rise Time", .001, .05, 0, 23, idris, 490, 25, 5, 580 gkdec, ihdec FLslider "Decay Time", .001, .05, 0, 23, iddec, 490, 25, 5, 630 ;NUMBER DISPLAY BOXES WIDTH | HEIGHT | X | Y idfund FLvalue "Fund.",70, 20, 5, 380 idform FLvalue "Form.",70, 20, 420, 380 ;XY PANELS MINX | MAXX | MINY | MAXY | EXPX | EXPY | DISPX | DISPY | WIDTH | HEIGHT | X | Y gkfund, gkform, ihfund, ihform FLjoy "X - Fundemental Y - Formant", 1, 5000, 20, 5000, -1, -1, idfund, idform, 490, 280, 5, 100 FLsetColor2 255, 0, 0, ihfund ;SET SECONDARY COLOUR TO RED FLsetColor2 255, 0, 0, ihform ;SET SECONDARY COLOUR TO RED ; INITIALISATION OF SLIDERS VALUE | HANDLE FLsetVal_i 0.3, ihamp FLsetVal_i 60, ihfund FLsetVal_i 1200, ihform FLsetVal_i 0, ihoct FLsetVal_i 50, ihband FLsetVal_i .1, ihdur FLsetVal_i .003, ihris FLsetVal_i .007, ihdec FLpanel_end ;END OF PANEL CONTENTS ;INSTRUCTIONS AND INFO PANEL FLpanel " ", 515, 700, 512, 0 FLscroll 515, 700, 0, 0 ;TEXT BOXES TYPE | FONT | SIZE | WIDTH | HEIGHT | X | Y ih FLbox " fof ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 0 ih FLbox "-------------------------------------------------------------", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 20 ih FLbox "FOF (fonction d'onde formantique) is a rather specialised ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 40 ih FLbox "type of granular synthesis in that its intended use is the ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 60 ih FLbox "creation of vocal vowel sounds through the use of rapidly ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 80 ih FLbox "repeated sine wave grains. (The should not be viewed as a ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 100 ih FLbox "restriction upon it being used less conventionally.) ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 120 ih FLbox "If the user starts this example the first thing that is heard", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 140 ih FLbox "is a stream of repeated pulses in which each pulse is easily ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 160 ih FLbox "discernible. The pitch of each grain is just about ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 180 ih FLbox "discernible. ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 200 ih FLbox "If the 'Formant' slider is moved it is heard that the pitch ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 220 ih FLbox "of each grain is modulated. ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 240 ih FLbox "If the 'Fundemental' slider is slowly moved from left to ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 260 ih FLbox "right it is heard that the frequency of grain repetition ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 280 ih FLbox "increases. As we pass about 35 hertz we are no longer able ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 300 ih FLbox "distinguish individual grains and instead a new tone emerges ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 320 ih FLbox "which is a consequence of the periodically repeating ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 340 ih FLbox "identical grains. ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 360 ih FLbox "Keep 'Fundemental' at a highish value (say 200 Hz.) and now ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 380 ih FLbox "move the 'Formant' slider. The effect this time is of a ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 400 ih FLbox "bandpass filter being applied to the tone. A formant is ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 420 ih FLbox "really just a peak of energy on a harmonic sound spectrum. ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 440 ih FLbox "The phenomena just demonstrated are the fundemental ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 460 ih FLbox "principles behind fof synthesis. To convincingly imitate ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 480 ih FLbox "vowel sounds of the human voice about six simulataneous fof ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 500 ih FLbox "signals are needed. The next example demonstrates this. ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 520 ih FLbox "The amplitude envelope that is applied to each grain is ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 540 ih FLbox "controlled by a combination of the 'Duration' (kdur), 'Rise ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 560 ih FLbox "Time' (kris), 'Decay Time' (kdec) and 'Bandwidth' (kband). ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 580 ih FLbox "Bandwidth controls how an exponential curve defined in a ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 600 ih FLbox "separate function is applied to the decay of each grain. ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 620 ih FLbox "'Octaviation Index' (koct) is typically zero but as it tends ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 640 ih FLbox "to 1 every other grain is increasingly attenuated. When it is", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 660 ih FLbox "exactly 1 the grain density is effectively halved and the fof", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 680 ih FLbox "fundemental is dropped by one octave. From 1 to 2 the process", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 700 ih FLbox "is repeated and the density is halved again and so on from 2 ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 720 ih FLbox "to 3 and beyond. This effect is perceived quite differently ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 740 ih FLbox "for dense and sparse textures. ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 760 ih FLbox "This example can also be played from a MIDI keyboard. ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 780 FLscrollEnd FLpanel_end FLrun ;RUN THE FLTK WIDGET THREAD ;END OF FLTK INTERFACE CODE;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; gisine ftgen 0, 0, 4096, 10, 1 ;SINE WAVE giexp ftgen 0, 0, 1024, 19, 0.5, 0.5, 270, 0.5 ;EXPONENTIAL CURVE instr 1 iporttime = .2 ; CREATE A VARIABLE THAT WILL BE USED FOR PORTAMENTO TIME kporttime linseg 0,0.001,iporttime ; CREATE A VARIABLE THAT WILL BE USED FOR PORTAMENTO TIME iMIDIActiveValue = 1 ;IF MIDI ACTIVATED iMIDIflag = 0 ;IF FLTK ACTIVATED mididefault iMIDIActiveValue, iMIDIflag ;IF NOTE IS MIDI ACTIVATED REPLACE iMIDIflag WITH iMIDIActiveValue icps cpsmidi ;READ MIDI PITCH VALUES - THIS VALUE CAN BE MAPPED TO GRAIN DENSITY AND/OR PITCH DEPENDING ON THE SETTING OF THE MIDI MAPPING SWITCHES if gkOnOff=0&&iMIDIflag=0 then ;SENSE FLTK ON/OFF SWITCH & WHETHER THIS IS A MIDI NOTE ITS STATUS WILL BE IGNORED turnoff ;TURNOFF THIS INSTRUMENT IMMEDIATELY endif if iMIDIflag=1 then ;IF THIS IS A MIDI ACTIVATED NOTE AND MIDI-TO-DENSITY SWITCH IS ON... kfund = icps ;MAP TO MIDI NOTE VALUE TO DENSITY else ;OTHERWISE... kfund portk gkfund, kporttime ;USE THE FLTK SLIDER VALUE endif ;END OF THIS CONDITIONAL BRANCH kamp portk gkamp, kporttime ;APPLY PORTAMENTO TO SELECTED FLTK SLIDER VARIABLE AND CREATE NEW NON-GLOBAL VARIABLES TO BE USED BY THE FOF OPCODE kform portk gkform, kporttime ;APPLY PORTAMENTO TO SELECTED FLTK SLIDER VARIABLE AND CREATE NEW NON-GLOBAL VARIABLES TO BE USED BY THE FOF OPCODE iolaps = 500 ;MAXIMUM ALLOWED NUMBER OF GRAIN OVERLAPS (THE BEST IDEA IS TO SIMPLY OVERESTIMATE THIS VALUE) ifna = gisine ;WAVEFORM USED BY THE GRAINS (NORMALLY A SINE WAVE) ifnb = giexp ;WAVEFORM USED IN THE DESIGN OF THE EXPONENTIAL ATTACK AND DECAY OF THE GRAINS itotdur = 3600 ;TOTAL DURATION OF THE FOF NOTE. IN NON-REALTIME THIS WILL BE p3. IN REALTIME OVERESTIMATE THIS VALUE, IN THIS CASE 1 HOUR - PERFORMANCE CAN STILL BE INTERRUPTED PREMATURELY ;THE FOF OPCODE: asig fof gkamp, kfund, kform, gkoct, gkband, gkris, gkdur, gkdec, iolaps, ifna, ifnb, itotdur ;[, iphs] [, ifmode] [, iskip outs asig, asig ;OUTPUT OF fof OPCODE IS SENT TO THE OUTPUTS endin f 0 3600 ;DUMMY SCORE EVENT - PERMITS REALTIME PERFORMANCE FOR 1 HOUR