pchbend1.csd Written by Iain McCurdy 2006. Updated 2011. -odac -M8 -dm0 sr = 44100 ;SAMPLE RATE ksmps = 4 ;NUMBER OF AUDIO SAMPLES IN EACH CONTROL CYCLE nchnls = 1 ;NUMBER OF CHANNELS (1=MONO) 0dbfs = 1 ;MAXIMUM AMPLITUDE ;FLTK INTERFACE CODE;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; FLcolor 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0 FLpanel "pchbend", 110, 90, 0, 0 ;FLTK-COUNTERS MIN | MAX | STEP1 | STEP2 | TYPE | WIDTH | HEIGHT | X | Y | OPCODE gkBendRange, ihBendRange FLcount "Bend Range (semitones)", -48, 48, 1, 1, 2, 100, 25, 5, 5, -1 ;INITIALISE VALUATORS VALUE | HANDLE FLsetVal_i 2, ihBendRange FLpanel_end ;END OF PANEL CONTENTS ;INSTRUCTIONS AND INFO PANEL WIDTH | HEIGHT | X | Y FLpanel "pchbend", 515, 620, 120, 0 ;TEXT BOXES TYPE | FONT | SIZE | WIDTH | HEIGHT | X | Y ih FLbox " pchbend - Scanning MIDI Pitch Bend ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 0 ih FLbox "-------------------------------------------------------------", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 20 ih FLbox "This example demonstrates how to scan the MIDI pitch bend ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 40 ih FLbox "wheel/joystick of a connected MIDI keyboard and to use the ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 60 ih FLbox "incoming data to implement the traditional pitch bend ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 80 ih FLbox "functionality. ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 100 ih FLbox "Building upon the simple synthesizer of previous examples the", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 120 ih FLbox "opcode 'pchbend' is employed to read in pitch-bend data from ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 140 ih FLbox "the MIDI keyboard. N.B. The instrument containing the ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 160 ih FLbox "'pchbend' opcode will have to have been triggered from MIDI ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 180 ih FLbox "in order for the opcode to read pitch-bend data properly. ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 200 ih FLbox "Pitch bend is a 14-bit controller and therefore has the ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 220 ih FLbox "potential of outputting high resolution data with up to 16384", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 240 ih FLbox "discrete steps. In reality MIDI hardware rarely uses this ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 260 ih FLbox "full resolution and will instead quantize this resolution and", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 280 ih FLbox "change in steps greater than 1. The pitch bend wheels on very", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 300 ih FLbox "cheap MIDI keyboards are often basically 7-bit controllers ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 320 ih FLbox "moving in steps of 128. These issues are transparent to us ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 340 ih FLbox "when using 'pchbend' but they may become a concern in this ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 360 ih FLbox "example when 'Bend Range' is high in which case individual ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 380 ih FLbox "steps in pitch may be audible. Portamento on the pitch-bend ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 400 ih FLbox "variable can reduce this effect. ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 420 ih FLbox "Giving 'Bend Range' a negative value will invert the pitch ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 440 ih FLbox "bending effect. ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 460 ih FLbox "There is nothing to say that the pitch bend wheel needs to be", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 480 ih FLbox "used to bend the pitch of something in Csound - it could ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 500 ih FLbox "also be used to control panning, sample playback speed or ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 520 ih FLbox "anything really. The crucial element in the design of the ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 540 ih FLbox "pitch bend wheel is in its use of a central spring loaded ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 560 ih FLbox "equilibrium position and ideally this feature should be ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 580 ih FLbox "capitalised upon when pitch-bend is used in Csound. ", 1, 5, 14, 490, 20, 5, 600 FLpanel_end FLrun ;RUN THE FLTK WIDGET THREAD ;END OF FLTK INTERFACE CODE;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; giwave ftgen 0,0,4096,10,1,1/4,1/9,1/16,1/25,1/36,1/49,1/64,1/81 ;A RICH WAVEFORM instr 1 ; SIMPLE SYNTHESIZER WITH PITCH BEND icps cpsmidi ;READ IN PITCH (IN CYCLES PER SECOND) FROM MIDI KEYBOARD iamp ampmidi 0.2 ;READ IN MIDI VELOCITY. WILL OUTPUT IN THE RANGE 0 - 0.2 ;PITCH BEND INFORMATION IS READ imin = 0 ;VALUE THAT PITCH-BEND WILL OUTPUT AT ITS EQUILIBRIUM POSITION imax = 2 ;RANGE OF PITCH-BEND FROM PULLED MINIMUM TO PUSHED MAXIMUM kbend pchbend imin,imax ;THIS WILL OUTPUT A RANGE FROM -1 TO +1 WITH ZERO AT THE EQUILIBRIUM POSITION. kbend = kbend*gkBendRange ;kbend RESCALED TO COVER SEMITONE RANGE DEMANDED BY FLTK COUNTER kbend = semitone(kbend) ;CONVERTED TO A RATIO OF TRANSPOSITION kporttime linseg 0,0.01,0.01 ;A FUNCTION THAT QUICKLY RAMPS UP FROM ZERO TO A HELD VALUE THAT WILL BE USED AS PORTAMENTO TIME kbend portk kbend,kporttime ;APPLY PORTAMENTO SMOOTHING TO PITCH BEND VARIABLE ;SIMPLE ANTI-CLICK AMPLITUDE ENVELOPE WITH RELEASE SENSING ; INITIAL_LEVEL | ATTACK_TIME | ATTACK_LEVEL | DECAY_TIME | SUSTAIN_LEVEL | RELEASE_TIME | RELEASE_LEVEL aenv linsegr 0, (.01), 1, (.1), .5, (.2), 0 ;OUTPUT OPCODE AMPLITUDE | FREQUENCY | FUNCTION_TABLE asig poscil iamp*aenv, icps*kbend, giwave ;CREATE AUDIO OSCILLATOR out asig ;SEND AUDIO OUTPUT OF OSCILLATOR TO THE OUTPUT endin f 0 600 ; THIS LINE FUNCTIONS AS A DUMMY SCORE EVENT AND ALLOWS REALTIME MIDI PLAYING FOR 10 MINUTES